Pregnancy Long Case Is A 44 Year Old Woman Who Presents

Pregnancy Long Case M.P is a 44 year old woman who presents at 39+5 gestation. Section 1 Task 1 Obstetric History Current Pregnancy History of Presenting Complaint Planned induction of labour on the 28/7/15 Gestational age of the fetus M.P’s first day of her last menstrual period (LMP) was the 20/11/2014. The estimated date of delivery (EDD) was determined using Naegele’s rule, which calculated EDD as the 27/8/15. This was refuted by an ultrasound at 8 weeks gestation to measure crown rump length (CRL). This measure predicts gestation accurately with a range of  ± 4 days. EDD determined from CRL of 61mm was the 29/7/15 (gestation 122). Further parameters measured at 14 weeks such as head circumference, abdominal circumference and femur length provided a composite estimate of age. The current gestation at the time of the first visit was 39+5. History of current pregnancy M.P had a planned pregnancy. Having decided to start a family with her husband whom she had recently married, M.P stopped taking the oral contraceptive pill. However, M.P did not regain her periods, with a total cessation of periods for 12 months. Consulting a fertility specialist, she was diagnosed with early menopause. Determined to have a child, but having undergone anovulation, a friend of M.P’s offered to donate eggs to the couple. These donor eggs were then used in the IVF process. IVF involves a total of 3 steps: oocyte retrieval from the egg donor which is stimulated by recombinant FSHShow MoreRelatedEssay about Adolescent Abortion2728 Words   |  11 PagesAdolescent Abortion Less then twenty-five years ago, any women who elected to terminate her pregnancy usually had to resort to illegal, unsanitary, and unsafe means. Abortion was frequently considered a criminal offense committed by the woman and the physician performing the procedure. 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Digital Delivery And The Future Of Movies -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Digital Delivery And The Future Of Movies? Answer: Introduction Strategic analysis of a company is one of the most important processes for enhancing its position in industry. It assists the organization in understanding different strategic aspects and implementing effective strategies to stay competitive over its competitors. There are various tools and frameworks, like; SWOT analysis, PEST Analysis etc. which can be adopted for strategic analysis. The major objective of this report is to include the strategic analysis for case study organization, i.e. Netflix. Netflix is an American Organization, which provides television and movies by streaming online media and delivery by mail. This report includes brief history about both Netflix and Blockbuster as well. Moreover, there is the discussion that how Netflix can beat Blockbuster through its advancements and effective strategies. At the end, the last part of this report discusses about the dominance of Netflix in the area of online video streaming. By analyzing this, it includes the future of Netf lix organization in Online Video Streaming segment. Brief History of Blockbuster Blockbuster, i.e. Blockbuster Entertainment Inc. is an entertainment service provider, which is based in America and offers video games and home movie rental services via DVD mail delivery, video rental shops, media streaming, cinema theatre and on-demand video. Throughout the 90s, the organization has become globally known. In the year 2000, the company had given an acquisition offer to Netflix, but Netflix had rejected that offer. Now, Netflix is operating is business operations as the biggest competitor of Blockbuster. Since its establishment by David Cook, the organization has hired 84,300 employees all over the world, which include approximately 58,500 in US and about 25000 in other nations. Currently, it is operating 9094 stores worldwide (Blockbuster, 2017). There are various risks, which are faced by Blockbuster, like; competition from Netflix, on demand video services, Redbox automated kiosks etc. These are the major factors behind the eventual demise of Blockbuster. In the duration of 2000s, the company started to lose its revenues and it claimed for bankruptcy prevention. Brief History of Netflix Netflix is an American organization, which was established in the year 1997 by Marc Randolph and Reed Hastings. It is an entertainment company that was founded in Scotts Valley, California. It offers different services related to streaming video on demand and media (Netflix, 2017). It provides the customers opportunities to stream the TV episodes and movie through internet. In the beginning, the business model of Netflix involved DVD rental and sales. However, Hastings abandoned sales of DVD after one year of its establishment, so that it could focus on rental DVD by mail delivery. Since last few years, the organization is carrying out its business operations in international markets by offering better services than its competitors. Currently, it is serving 190 countries and has 109.25 million subscribers all over the world, inclusive of 52.77 million in US (Chopra, Chopra, Veeraiyan, and Veeraiyan, 2017). In addition to its wide range of movies and TV episodes, the original series o f Netflix is also there on internet for its diverse customers. The mission statement of the company is to enhance the number of subscribers for video streaming in local and global market. For this, organization is constantly improving customer experience by diversifying its services. By the use of different strategies and focusing in this mission, Netflix wants to become one of the best entertainment companies internationally. It assists content developers all over the world to increase the customer base globally. The organization is implementing various marketing and business strategies, so that it can generate more revenues and profits than its competitors. How Netflix Beat Blockbuster From its founding, Blockbuster had ruled the rental movie business for the decades. In 2005, the company was valued at over $8 billion. Meanwhile, Netflix started the use of postal service to deliver DVDs. By using effective strategies and market tactics, the company has become leader in the industry and soon, Blockbuster has filed for bankruptcy. The organization lost $518 billion in the year 2010, $1 billion in debt and it had closed most of its stores. After this, Netflix attained 16 million users by operating a well-established business and online videos online (Chen, Zhou, and Chiu, 2015). Netflix was able to beat Blockbuster due to its effective leadership, use of enhancing technology and effective strategies. The reasons behind this fact are stated below; Changing Technology In the beginning of its business operations, Netflix had provided its customers with DVDs on demands (Napoli, 2011). With the increase and changes in the demands of customers, company has adopted advanced and emerging technologies. The major reason behind its growth is that executives at Netflix have understood that developing technology can change the delivery of DVDs and rental movies. They have developed a technology strategy that was used under different steps. The company has implemented a strategy of media and internet streaming, virtual company and suitable customer service, so that it can deliver the services flawlessly and cheaply (Cook, 2014). By analyzing the market, management of Netflix has understood that each and every bit of content is significant and exclusive. This is the major reason that it has changed its catalogues. With the advancement in technology, the company is offering different versions of episodes and videos, which are most appropriate for the customers (Keating, 2012). Another part of companys technology strategy was to ignore the liability of retail stores by running business online. In this way, the organization has adopted advanced and modern technologies for providing satisfactory services to its potential customers. It collects the data base from previously and frequently watched shows and movies and then provides the personalized list to the viewers (Datta, Knox, and Bronnenberg, 2017). Blockbuster was failed to adopt changing technologies, thus Netflix was able to beat this organization. Retail Outlets versus operating Online Netflix believes in operating the business online, so it has ignored the burden of retail stores and operated business online. With few offices and warehouses, it has become a virtual company with no sales persons and no retails stores. The organization had a clear understanding that running business physically, like Blockbuster may restrict the business areas and customers. So, it has adopted an effective approach, i.e. open source approach (Enkins, Ford, and Green, 2013). By the use of this approach, the company was able to deliver its movies on DVD players, TVs, mobile phones and computers. Now, it offers DVD by mail and online streaming videos, which make it different from other competitors in the industry. In addition to this, the shipping costs of these DVDs are comparatively higher in the market, so customers prefer to watch streaming videos. Netflix has enhanced the services modes, used by Blockbuster (Gibs, 2009). By offering online videos, the company was able to attract mo re customers in comparison to Blockbuster and become a leader in entertainment industry. There are several factors, like; technology changes and online business were effective for the growth and success of Netflixs business over Blockbuster. Pricing Strategies Netflix is offering its services, using two modes, i.e. online video streaming and DVD by mail. However, the organization has faced various issues, but it has eliminated those issues by providing unique and advanced services. In this industry, Netflix has dominant position in entertainment industry and streaming video market because of its effective leadership and emerging technology (Grant, 2016). In addition to this, pricing strategy of Netflix is also an attractive feature of its services. It has attractive rates and plans for the customers and enticing them towards its services. It operates its services on monthly subscription basis. It has three popular plans, which are given below; $8.99 for one title at a time $13.99 for two titles at a time $16.99 for three titles at a time All of these plans of the company provide unlimited DVDs every month and streaming also (Jenkins, and Williamson, 2015). The company does not charge for late and due dates and this approach differentiates it from other domestic movie rentals. It does not charge fees, if the customer returns the DVDs. Blockbuster was implementing obsolete pricing strategy and charging $5 for every movie. The major factor behind Blockbusters failure is that customers hated the fees charged on late returns (Pelts, 2017). After analyzing its pricing strategy, Netflix has improved its strategies accordingly. Netflix Innovations Technology innovations are the center of Netflixs business and marketing strategy. The company has adopted various innovative techniques and systems to enhance its business operations and attracted a large number of customers towards its services. In the year 2017, Netflix is in the list of most innovative companies in the world. Since, this organization had started its business operations; it has implemented disruptive innovation (Newman, 2010). Under this, the organization has considered four elements, i.e. think big, start small, fail quickly and scale fast. Netflix has implemented the innovations, which are winning the market of streaming videos. To compete with Blockbuster, Netflix has revolved out a user interface upgrade and replaced the fixed poster pictures with the preview videos. These videos play automatically, when viewer scroll over DVDs title card. It was the first organization that provided DVD delivery through mail. Netflix has invested a large amount of funds on inn ovation and advanced technology. In addition to this, the company has adopted open innovation also (Peteraf, Gamble, and Thompson, 2014). The organization has applied this approach to enhance its business approach and technology resources. It not only delivers the television episodes and movies, but also gives detailed information about the movie, like; member reviews, critic reviews, online trailers, synopses and ratings from subscribers. It is committed with the community and public by offering approximately $1 million to the people, who can utilize the movie ratings in enhancing the service. These innovations at Netflix made it better to perform than its competitors, like; Blockbuster (Sharma, 2016). Netflix as a dominant provider of Online Video Streaming Since its establishment in the year 1997, Netflix Organization has captured the entertainment and streaming video market easily. The company is using effective strategies and in innovative techniques for enhancing its business operations and processes. Blockbuster is one of the major companies, which is operating business in the similar industry. In comparison to Netflix, this organization is charging late fees from the customers. Netflix had declined its prices and plan rates to compete with its biggest competitor, i.e. Blockbuster. Now, it is confronting bankruptcy and Netflix covered the market and dominated the industry (Sicoli, 2014). There are various competitors of Netflix, like; kiosk machine services, television stations, content developers and cable service providers. However, this organization has implemented effective technology and pricing strategies, which assisted the organization in dominating the market of online video streaming. The major reason behind Netflixs succ ess is that it is Focusing only on its existing business than diversifying in new business. It enables Netflix to dominate the entertainment and video streaming industry. Netflix stumbles: The demise of Qwikster In 2011, Netflix had introduced its intentions to restructure and rebrand its DVD Home Media rental services as a separate subsidiary named as Qwikster. It was an independent subsidiary that separated streaming and DVD rental services. This was the DVD by mail only facility, which included video-games also. The organization had different websites for both Netflix and Qwikster, because Hastings felt that it would allow them to give equal attention for enhancing both the services (Indiviglio, 2011). However, Netflix introduced this new service effectively, but it did not work in companys favor. It did not work for various reasons, such as; change in name, website split, increase in the prices etc. Qwikster forces the users of Netflix to access DVD subscriptions and combined streaming to create separate accounts for managing them. The organization was unable to combine both the websites in any manner, like; separate ratings, bills and separate preferences for Qwikster and Netflix, despi te owned by a same organization. Netflix faced the demise of Qwikster, because new subscribers failed to identify that Netflix and Qwikster are possessed by same organization. This is the major reason that caused its users to select a different mailing service and Netflix lost its millions of customers. Thus, these are the major reasons behind the demise of Netflix (Trendowski, and Sherman, 2014). Netflix rebuilds: The rise of original content In the year 2013, Netflix entered in the content development industry, starting with its first series, i.e. House of Cards. After the demise of Qwikster, this new service supported Netflix to rebuild. The organization has significantly expanded the production of television and film series then, providing Netflix Original content via online library of television and films. As of 2016, Netflix introduced around 126 original films and series, which is more than other cable channel and network. Netflix is increasing its spending on original content, which is more than its competitors, i.e. Amazon and Hulu. According to the data of 2015-2017, the importance of original content was increased and it has gained momentum among people as a major reason to pay for streaming video. Netflix acts as balancing service to pay the TV packages, because it enables its customers to watch the ad-free content (Rigby, Brumby, Cox, and Gould, 2016). In 2017, the company has spent $7 billion, which is more than 6$ billion last year. To attract more subscribers, the company has focused on increasing its marketing and budget on content production. Thus, the organization is now emphasized on development of new content and catalogue to capture a large customer base all over the world. At Netflix, there is no scope of other types of content, i.e. music, sports, news and consumer generated data, but it always develop better content in DVD and pay per view. The diversification of Netflixs business in content development supported the organization in rebuilding its business and brand image after demise of Qwikster. The future of Netflix At looking at the past position of Netflix in entertainment industry, it can be stated that future of this organization will be bright than other competitors. There are so many factors, which are changing with the passage of time. These factors are such as; changes in the status and lifestyle, convenience and affordability, changes in the interests and behaviors of customers and efficiency and costs. Integration of these factors may lead an organization towards growth and success. On the basis of above analysis, it can be stated about Netflix that it is on better position in entertainment and video streaming market (Tryon, 2013). Netflix is implementing effective strategies and technologies to become a top leader in the near future. The elements of the companys strategy are, like; Offering its subscribers with wide range of DVD titles Purchasing new and original content by creating and maintaining mutually profitable relationships with the video providers Providing the users an option of watching streaming video and content or fast delivery of DVD by mail. Making it easier for the customers to select the movies, which they like to enjoy Making expenses on marketing to entice the people and create extensive awareness about the brand and services of Netflix Regularly transitioning the users to streaming the delivery than delivery by mail as the popularity of content delivery through internet grew. The above-mentioned elements are the major reasons behind the growth and success of Netflix Organization over its competitors, like; Blockbuster. It is facing intense competition from its competitors, like; Blockbuster as it is offering the products similar to Netflix. But Netflix is able to entice the people because of its exclusive and innovative strategies (Walker, 2016). On the other side, the business model of Netflix needs high speed internet to operate but it has the capacity to entice the people, as the expenses and costs of internet are declining. After considering these factors, it can be said about the Netflix that this organization will experience a significant growth and success in the timeframe of next 5 years. After this analysis, it can be estimated that the organization will have approximately 80 million subscribers from outside US and generate about $7 billion in terms of revenues and profits by the year 2020. Their significant growth is a symbol that the organization is headed in the correct direction. It is not only acquiring millions of viewers each year, but they are also retaining them. The major reason behind its growth and success is its affordable and attractive prices. Hence, Netflix is able to maintain its financial performance for the future growth (Wheelen, and Hunger, 2017). In the future, the company needs to make some improvement and advancements, so that it can meet its future objectives. Netflix should establish its own kiosk, where the people can have free access, with their membership card. The organization should expand to have more premium and popular channels, like; Showtime and HBO streaming online. By doing this, company will be able to improve its business operations and processes in the future. Thus, the company is continuously dominating entertainment and video streaming industry and growing its business successfully. Conclusion Thus, it is hereby concluded that Netflix is a fast growing organization in entertainment and video streaming industry. The company is offering its entertainment and video streaming services effectively. Being a leader of DVD rentals, this organization has faced various challenges due to increase in marketing and advertising expenses, competition, increased expenses on new purchase, emergence of digital downloading etc. To deal with these challenges, the company has implemented effective strategies and innovative technologies, so that it can attract more customers towards its services. Continuous changes in the technology moved the company to maximize its profits and market share. Adoption of advanced technologies and implementation of effective pricing strategies helped Netflix to dominate the industry. By introducing its original content development service, the company was able to overcome the loss due to demise of Qwikster. The directors of the company have adopted subscription based strategy and business model, which had projected Netflix into being the largest entertainment service provider in the world. In the future, the organization should expand its business by partnering with well-known premium channels. By this partnership, it will be able to enhance its brand image in America and other countries. References Blockbuster, 2017, Home: Find a Kiosk or store, https://www.blockbuster.com.au/home. Chen, L., Zhou, Y. and Chiu, D.M., 2015. Smart streaming for online video services.IEEE transactions on multimedia,17(4), pp.485-497. Chopra, S., Chopra, S., Veeraiyan, M. and Veeraiyan, M., 2017. Movie Rental Business: Blockbuster, Netflix, and Redbox.Kellogg School of Management Cases, pp.1-21. Cook, C.A., 2014, Netflix: A Stepping Stone in the Evolution of Television, University of South Florida St. Petersburg Journalism and Media Studies. Datta, H., Knox, G. and Bronnenberg, B.J., 2017. Changing their tune: How consumers adoption of online streaming affects music consumption and discovery.Marketing Science. Enkins, H., Ford, S., and Green, J., 2013, Spreadable media: Creating value and meaning in a networked culture, New York: New York University Press Gibs, J., 2009, The new screen for video. Television goes digital. New York: Springer Science + Business Media. Grant, R.M., 2016.Contemporary strategy analysis: Text and cases edition. John Wiley Sons. Indiviglio, D. 2011, 5 Reasons Why Qwikster Is Now Deadster. Retrieved from https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2011/10/5-reasons-why-qwikster-is-now-deadster/246465/. Jenkins, W. and Williamson, D., 2015.Strategic management and business analysis. Routledge. Keating, G., 2012, Netflixed: the epic battle for Americas eyeballs. New York: Portfolio/Penguin. Napoli, P.M., 2011, Audience evolution: New technologies and the transformation of media audiences, New York: Columbia University Press Netflix, 2017, See Whats Next, Retrieved from https://www.netflix.com/in/. Newman, R. 2010, How Netflix (and Blockbuster) Killed Blockbuster. https://money.usnews.com/money/blogs/flowchart/2010/09/23/how-netflix-and-blockbuster-killed-blockbuster. Pelts, S. 2017, Taking a Look at Netflixs Pricing Strategy. https://marketrealist.com/2017/07/taking-a-look-at-netflixs-pricing-strategy. Peteraf, M., Gamble, J. and Thompson Jr, A., 2014.Essentials of strategic management: The quest for competitive advantage. McGraw-Hill Education. Rigby, J.M., Brumby, D.P., Cox, A.L. and Gould, S.J., 2016, September. Watching movies on netflix: investigating the effect of screen size on viewer immersion. InProceedings of the 18th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services Adjunct(pp. 714-721). ACM. Sharma, R, 2016, The Netflix Effect: Impacts of the Streaming Model on Television Storytelling. Wesleyan University. Sicoli, C. 2014. How Netflix Beat Blockbuster And Became Huge. Retrieved from https://www.therichest.com/business/how-netflix-beat-blockbuster-and-became-huge/. Trendowski, J. and Sherman, P., 2014. Txtbookrental: netflix or Blockbuster?.Journal of the International Academy for Case Studies,20(3), p.17. Tryon, C., 2013, On-demand culture: Digital delivery and the future of movies. New Brunswick, N.J: Rutgers University Press. Walker, N., 2016, The rise of Netflix, accessed on 23 January 2018 from https://www.businessreviewusa.com/leadership/5478/The-rise-of-Netflix. Wheelen, T.L. and Hunger, J.D., 2017.Strategic management and business policy. Pearson Education.

Title Militant Monks Essay Example For Students

Title: Militant Monks Essay The Knights Templar, a military order of monks answerable only to the Popehimself, were founded in 1118. Their primary responsibility, at leastinitially, was to provide protection to Christians making pilgrimages to theHoly Land. They rose in power, both religious and secular, to become one ofthe richest and most powerful entities in Christendom. By the time of theirdisbandment in 1307, this highly secretive organization controlled vastwealth, a fleet of merchant ships, and castles and estates spanning theentire Mediterranean area. When the crusaders captured Jerusalem from the Muslims in 1099, the Churchencouraged all faithful Christians to visit that holy city in order toaffirm their faith. The area, however, was still subject to sporadic attacksfrom various non-Christian factions. A small group of knights, led by Hughde Payens, vowed to protect the pilgrims. The group was grantedquasi-official status by King Baldwin II of Jerusalem, who allowed themquarters in a wing of the royal palace near the Temple of Solomon. It isfrom this initial posting that the order derived its name. They took thestandard vows of poverty, chastity and obedience and were bound to the rulesof the Augustinian order. Upton-Ward 1The order languished in near-anonimity for several years, despite generouscontributions from various European personages. In 1126, Count Hugh ofChampagne, having donated his estates to Bernard of Clairvaux for use inbuilding a monestary for the Cistercian order, arrived in Jerusalem to jointhe Templars. This ac tion indirectly obligated Bernard to support the newlychosen advocacy of his benefactor. He wrote to the count, If, for Godswork, you have changed yourself from count to knight and from rich to poor,I congratulate you. Howarth 49In the year 1126, King Baldwin found two reasons for wanting officialrecognition of the order. First, he had, perhaps prematurely, bestowed uponHugh de Payens the title of Master of the Temple. Second, the king had theopportunity to launch an attack on the city of Damascus, but he needed moreknights. Papal recognition would allow open recruiting in Europe for theorder. King Baldwin sent a letter to Bernard of Clairvaux, the ordersprimary patron, later known as Saint Bernard, asking him to petition thePope for official recognition of the order. Howarth 50-51The Kingsletter was hand-carried to Bernard by two loyal and trusted knights, Andrewde Montbard, maternally related to Bernard, and Gondemare. Upon theirarrival at Clairvaux, the two knights presented Bern ard with Baldwinsletter, which came right to the point. Upton-Ward 3 The brothers Templar,whom God has raised up for the defence of our province and to whom he hasaccorded special protection, desire to receive apostolic approval and alsotheir own Rule of life Since we know well the weight of yourintercession with God and also with His Vicar and with the other princes ofEurope, we give into your care this two-fold mission, whose success will bevery welcome to us. Let the constitution of the Templars be such as issuitable for men who live in the clash and tumult of war, and yet of a kindwhich will be acceptable to the Christian princes, of whom they have beenthe valuable auxiliaries. So far as in you lies and if God pleases, striveto bring this matter to a speedy and successful issue. qtd. in Howarth 50-51Bernard realized at once the genius of the proposal to combine religiousand military endeavors. Through such organizations, the borders ofChristendom could be extended and fortified . He immediately granted hisapproval of the plan and pledged his full support. He petitioned PopeHonorius II for a special council to consider the matter, and he notifiedHugh of his actions. Howarth 51The Council of Troyes convened on January 13, 1128, a bitterly cold SaintHilarys Day, for the primary purpose of considering the request of theKnights Templar. Despite the delays of written communications, Hugh dePayens, accompanied by several brother knights, arrived from the Holy Landin time to attend the meetings of the Council. Howarth 51William of Tyre wrote an account of the events: Nine years after thefounding of this order, the knights were still in secular garb. They woresuch garments as the people, for salvation of their souls, bestowed uponthem. During this ninth year, a council was held at Troyes in France. Therewere present the archbishops of Rheims and Sens, with their suffragans; thebishop of Albano, the Popes legate; the abbotts of Citeaux, Clairvaux,Potigny; and many o thers. At this council, by order of Pope Honorious and ofStephen, patriarch of Jerusalem, a rule was drawn up for this order and ahabit of white assigned them. qtd. in Burman/Templars 27Although referred to in Williams account by the generic title Abbott ofClairvaux, Bernard, in actuality controlled the proceedings of the council. We will write a custom essay on Title: Militant Monks specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now There was little doubt Bernards request would be met with approval; he waswell known for his successes in reforming monastic life. He was held in theutmost respect by religious and lay leaders alike; in many circles he wasreferred to as the second pope. In fact, many of the popes were supplied bythe mendicant orders. Robinson 66-67At a time when monks were more highly regarded than priests, and consideredcloser to God because of their ascetic life-styles, Benard said, The peoplecannot look up to the priests, because the people are better than priests.Robinson 67Bernards offer to personally assist in the formulation of the Rules of theorder was gratefully accepted by all. Bernard based his Rule of the Templarson that of his own Cistercian order, which was itself based on the olderBenedictine Rule. Robinson 67The Rule of the Templars was a strict and complex system of 686 writtenlaws, meant to cover every possible aspect of daily life. As an example,Rule 25, On Bowls and Drinking Vesse ls, states: Because of the shortage ofbowls, the brothers will eat in pairs, so that one may study the other moreclosely, and so that neither austerity nor secret abstinence is introducedinto the communal meal. And it seems just to us that each brother shouldhave the same ration of wine in his cup. qtd. in Upton-Ward 26In 1139, Pope Innocent II issued a Bull, titled Omne Datum Optimum,declaring that the Knights Templar were under the direct and sole control ofthe Pope. This freed the Knights to operate throughout Christendom and theLevant unencumbered by local ecclesiastical and secular rulers. Thisunprecedented autonomy was due, in no small part, to the personal petitionsof the new Grand Master, Robert the Burgundian. While Hugh had been anexcellent warrior, Robert was an ideal administrator who understoodpolitics. Howarth 80The Order was authorized to have chaplain brothers, who were authorized tohear the confessions of their fellow brothers, and thereby absolve them oftheir sins. There were, however, five specific crimes for which granting ofabsolution was reserved by the Pope. These were: the killing of a Christianman or woman,; violently attacking another brother; attacking a member ofanother order or a priest; renouncing holy orders in order to be received asa brother; and entering the order by simony. Upton-Ward 5It was also during the mastership of Robert that the Rules were translatedfrom Latin into French. Church documents were normally in Latin only, butsince most of the Knights were soldiers rather than educated clerics, theywere unable to read Latin. In 1147, the Knights were authorized to wear ared cross upon their white mantles, despite rule 18, which forbade anydecorations on their clothing. Upton-Ward 12As the Knights Templar gained political and economic strength, they foundthemselves involved in many aspects of secular life. They established thefirst truly international banking service; travelers not wanting to travelwith large sums could de posit their monies at any Temple and collect a likeamount at their destination. Burman/Templars 85 The Templars were theprimary bankers for the Holy See. Since the order was a papal creation whichwas administered directly by the Pope himself, their significance as papalbankers is understandable. Less obvious is the Templars function as royalbankers for several of Europes royal houses. The two greatest Templesoutside the Levant were located in Paris and London. These two Templesoffered a full range of financial services to the royal houses, includingcollecting taxes, controlling debts and administering pension funds. .uf9ca45f05be83a5146b850dde827fa4b , .uf9ca45f05be83a5146b850dde827fa4b .postImageUrl , .uf9ca45f05be83a5146b850dde827fa4b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf9ca45f05be83a5146b850dde827fa4b , .uf9ca45f05be83a5146b850dde827fa4b:hover , .uf9ca45f05be83a5146b850dde827fa4b:visited , .uf9ca45f05be83a5146b850dde827fa4b:active { border:0!important; } .uf9ca45f05be83a5146b850dde827fa4b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf9ca45f05be83a5146b850dde827fa4b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf9ca45f05be83a5146b850dde827fa4b:active , .uf9ca45f05be83a5146b850dde827fa4b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf9ca45f05be83a5146b850dde827fa4b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf9ca45f05be83a5146b850dde827fa4b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf9ca45f05be83a5146b850dde827fa4b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf9ca45f05be83a5146b850dde827fa4b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf9ca45f05be83a5146b850dde827fa4b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf9ca45f05be83a5146b850dde827fa4b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf9ca45f05be83a5146b850dde827fa4b .uf9ca45f05be83a5146b850dde827fa4b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf9ca45f05be83a5146b850dde827fa4b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Most people know that good nutrition is important EssayBurman/Templars 87-88 The treasury of the King of France was kept safelywithin the vault of the Temple of Paris. Sinclair 36The Templars owned a great fleet of merchant ships with which to convey allmanner of goods, e.g., pepper and cotton, as well as pilgrims, betweenEurope and the Holy Land. People wanting to make a pilgrimage to the HolyLand, but lacking the resources to do so, were allowed to assign rights totheir houses and property, upon their death, to the Templars in exchange forpassage on a Templar ship. To avoid accusations of usury, this procedure waslegitimized by the papal bull Quantum Praedecessores, issu ed by PopeEugenius II in 1145. Burman/Templars 75-78The Holy Land was divided into four Crusader States: Jerusalem, Antioch,Tripoli and Edessa. Shifting alliances, complicated by the plotting ofindependent Arab emirates, posed a complicated and often confusing backdropfor the Knights military operations. Their first action was in the northernsector of the Principality of Antioch. They captured the March of Amanus,which formed a natural barrier between the city of Amanus and Asia Minor. Burman/Templars 50The Knights Templar frequently fought side-by-side with their counter-parts, the Knights Hospitaller, another military order, founded to provideshelter to sick, wounded or destitute pilgrims. Together, these two warriororders afforded the Holy Land a formidable fighting force. Although somehistories allude to a deep and bitter rivalry between the two, it is morelikely that they cooperated well during the battles, keeping any suchpettiness for the monotonous weeks between actions. Upton-Ward 6-7The first military action of the Templars was in the northern sector of theHoly Land. In 1131, they captured the March of Amanus in Antioch. It was anatural barrier between the city and Asia Minor, which afforded control oftwo roads into Antioch. The same year, King Fulk, Baldwins successor,travelled to the site and granted ownership to the Templars. Burman/Templars 52Control of the various areas of the Holy Land see-sawed back and forthbetween the Crusaders and the Arabs, with neither side enjoying a decisivevictory. Then the balance of power began to change with the rise of thegreat Arab leader Salah-ad-Din Yusuf ibn-Aiyub, known to westerners asSaladin. Descended from a long line of military heroes, he was born in 1138in Baalbek, Syria, where his father was military governor. He began todevelop his warrior skills by accompanying his father and uncles on variouscampaigns. Burman/Templars 98Saladins rise to power was rapid and successful. His adherance to theorthodox Sunni faith caused him to initiate dramatic changes in his Shi-itearmy. Upon his ultimate rise to the position of Sultan, he declared ajihad, or holy war, against the Crusaders. This intense re-focusing of theMoslem effort began a gradual shift in power. Christian strongholds fell inincreasing numbers, creating a domino effect. By the middle of 1187, Saladinhad capt ured Acre, Nablus, Jaffa, Toron, Sidon, Beirut and Ascalon. Jerusalem fell on 2 October, 1187. Burman/Templars 108The fall of Jerusalem was a disaster from which the Crusades neverrecovered. Among Saladins prisoners were the King of Jerusalem and Raynaldde Chatillon, commander of the fortress at Moab. After entertaining the twoin his tent, Saladin had Raynald killed. The King saw his fellow prisonerexecuted and thought he was surely next, but Saladin had him brought back into his tent and told him, It is not the habit of kings to kill kings.Saladins victory was complete. Payne 223-4In the disarray that followed, the orders began to disperse. TheHospitallers removed their headquarters, first to Rhodes and then to Malta;and, with the ultimate fall of Acre in 1291, the Templars lost their base ofoperations and relocated to Cyprus. In effect, the orders had lost theiroriginal reason for existence. Upton-Ward 9As the Knights had their policital patrons, so had their enemies. In 1305,Philip IV of France, known as Philip the Fair, seized control of the HolySee and relocated the papacy to Avignon. From there, he initiated a seriesof papal decrees, ostensibly issues by Pope Clement V, a puppet pope underhis absolute control. Eyeing the vast fortunes and resources of theTemplars, he conceived a plot of treachery against them. Since he alsocontrolled the Inquisition in France, he had no difficulty leveling a wholelaundry list of horrible, but adsurd and largely unsupportable, crimesagainst the Knights. Burman/Inquisition 95The role of the Inquisition, under the auspices of Chief InquisitorGuillaume of Paris, was to obtain confessions and conduct trials. On Fridaythe 13th of September, 1307, the warrant was issued for the arrest of theKnights and seizure of their property. Many of the Temples were tipped offby the local sheriffs about the impending sweep, but Grand Master Jacques deMolay and his associates were arrested in their bed clothes. Theinterrogations, aimed at soliciting evidence of any wrongdoing with which toprove the al legations against the order, dragged on for years. Ultimately,the Grand Master, along with other high-ranking Templars, were executed byburning in March, 1314, on an island in the Seine. Howarth 17The years between the arrest of Templars and the orders final dissolutionafforded plenty of time for knights on the lam to become absorbed by theunderground. Knights in England were never pursued, due largely to a riftbetween the King and the Church, and many were thought to have participatedin the war between Scotland and England, on the side of Robert the Bruce. .u1df59c78847f75c9e38f692a8b5c0da5 , .u1df59c78847f75c9e38f692a8b5c0da5 .postImageUrl , .u1df59c78847f75c9e38f692a8b5c0da5 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u1df59c78847f75c9e38f692a8b5c0da5 , .u1df59c78847f75c9e38f692a8b5c0da5:hover , .u1df59c78847f75c9e38f692a8b5c0da5:visited , .u1df59c78847f75c9e38f692a8b5c0da5:active { border:0!important; } .u1df59c78847f75c9e38f692a8b5c0da5 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u1df59c78847f75c9e38f692a8b5c0da5 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u1df59c78847f75c9e38f692a8b5c0da5:active , .u1df59c78847f75c9e38f692a8b5c0da5:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u1df59c78847f75c9e38f692a8b5c0da5 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u1df59c78847f75c9e38f692a8b5c0da5 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u1df59c78847f75c9e38f692a8b5c0da5 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u1df59c78847f75c9e38f692a8b5c0da5 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1df59c78847f75c9e38f692a8b5c0da5:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u1df59c78847f75c9e38f692a8b5c0da5 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u1df59c78847f75c9e38f692a8b5c0da5 .u1df59c78847f75c9e38f692a8b5c0da5-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u1df59c78847f75c9e38f692a8b5c0da5:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Hemp: The Truth About the Earth's Greatest Plant EssayRobinson 150-51The vast fleet of Templar merchant ships was never found. There is norecord of the 18 Templar ships which had been based at La Rochelle on theFrench coast, nor any of the various Templar ships normally anchored in theThames or other English seaports. There is some speculation that the BarbaryPirates, who gained worldwide noteriety by plundering European shipping wellinto the 19th century, were founded by seagoing Templars with revenge ontheir minds. Many of the orders ships were galleys, which were particularlysuited for piracy. Robinson 165One of the more mysterious tenets of the Freemasons can be found in theinitiation of a Master Mason. The initiate is told his degree will make youa brother to pirates and corsairs. Robinson 165-66In 1813, a merchant ship, captained by a Freemason, was captured andboarded by pirates. In desperation, the captain rendered the Grand HailingSign of Distress of a Master Mason. The pirate captain apparently recognizedthe secret sign and allowed the merchant ship to proceed unharmed. Robinson166The destruction of the Knights Templar by Philip the Fair was due to whathe saw as wealth, arrogance, greed and secrecy on the part of the order. Even Philips lawyer admitted perhaps not all of them had sinned. It tookmore than suspicion of guilt to bring about the downfall of such a powerfulentity as the Knights Templar. The final blow, however, was probablythree-fold: a general unpopularity of the order among the Europeanaristocracy, due in part to jealousy; a chronic shortage in the Frenchtreasury, despite heavy taxation; and Master de Molays refusal to considera merger of the Templars with the Hospitallers, as suggested by the Pope. The fact remains, however, that no evidence of heresy was ever found. Burman/Templars 180An order founded by nine knights in Jerusalem came to amass great wealthand power, which speaks well of their integrity and discretion. They becamethe shock troops of the Holy See. When they lost their original mission ofprotecting pilgrims upon the fall of Jerusalem, their downfall becameinevitable. Sinclair 37Works Cited:Burman, Edward. The Inquisition. New York: Dorset, 1984. . The Templars. Rochester, VT: Destiny, 1986. Howarth, Stephen. The Knights Templar. New York: Dorset, 1982. Payne, Robert. The History of Islam. New York: Dorset, 1987. Robinson, John J. Born in Blood. New York: Evans, 1989. Sinclair, Andrew. The Sword and the Grail. New York: Crown, 1992. Upton-Ward, J. M. The Rule of the Templars. Suffolk: Boydell, 1992.

Nothing to fear Essays - Free Essays, Term Papers, Research Papers

Nothing to fear Essays - Free Essays, Term Papers, Research Papers Nothing to fear Technology is considered as a way of keeping up' with the present world. Technology has been considered as a preserve of the young generations - which is creating a huge obstacle in encouraging and teaching older people to become literate in the technological field. People who are over a certain age feel reluctant to learn how to use these latest technologies due to fear or perhaps even because of a lack of interest. But by laying out some advices to our fellow folks out there might encourage them to get online to possibly make their lives much easier on the long run. Self-determination One of the many obvious reasons to become familiar with these technologies is to accomplish your day to day life personal requirements by just a swipe of your fingertips; this could include online banking, hospital bookings, online food ordering and even cab bookings. By being able to do such work at the comfort of your own home, you are saving time from waiting in those long never ending queues. This will allow the senior citizens to continue to become independently supporting themselves without being dependent on the community. Health benefits Even though picturing an elderly sitting and playing games online is almost impossible to imagine of, many recent researchers have declared that playing games online can boost the brain and increase mental longevity. Moreover, virtual recreation gaming systems (EXAMPLE; Wii) can help promote participation of physical activities among the seniors as the users of the game are taught how to do dance and do yoga, two extremely beneficial forms of exercises for the elderly. Social intimacy Many of your elderly citizens spend their later stages of life in isolation, as they are separated from their family and friends by long distances. But with the help of technology you can be in touch with everyone who is closest to you, now all the grandparents out there can spend hours talking and laughing with their beloved grandkids. The feeling of despair and loneliness is yet another emotional aspect the technologies have helped the elderly conquer. Watering your hobby As a retired individual finding something to help you occupy your free time is very important. Well for all the hidden writers out there here is a chance to make most of your time, you could write online blogs, it will help you connect with other bloggers and to file your writing skills. Or are you into knitting or painting? With the help of the gazillion videos online you can be a pro at your artistic interest in no time. This isn't it! There's way more things the online world has to offer you which could potentially bring out the best creative side within you. Security companion As many of the senior citizens live alone, these technologies can help them from danger with help of just a click. Both the minds of the elders and their families will be at peace knowing that their safety is secured. Many older people don't recognize or agree that they might be missing about by not being able to access the internet, they don't see how the benefits can outweigh the time taken to learn how to use it effectively. But clearly they can yield out so much welfare and also higher their standards of living.

Family Business essay on Estate planning Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Family Business on Estate planning - Essay Example For this purpose, the article Updating Systems Concepts in Family Businesses: A Focus on Values, Resource Flows, and Adaptability, which has been written by Brian Distelberg and Ritch L. Sorenson, has been selected in order to understand the issues surrounding family business and estate planning. Pollard Banknote Income Fund was founded in the year 1907. Located in Winnipeg, Canada, the organization started off as a commercial printing organization. During the seventies, it entered security printing and concentrated on the manufacturing of stocks, bonds, government bonds, etc. In the eighties, it again entered a new market and concentrated on producing lotteries for the government. For this purpose, Lawrence Pollard, the president of the organization, â€Å"mortaged everything he owned. He borrowed $5 million in 1985 to acquire the technology needed to turn his 77-year-old printing house into a lottery ticket printer† (Distelberg and Sorenson, 69). His organization further grew when his sons entered the family business, which is currently an international company. The business remained in the family. In the year 1947, Lawrence had joined the family business. He was invited by his father, who worked collaboratively with his two elder twin brothers (Distelberg and Sorenson, 69). Pollard worked hard in order to ensure that the organization flourished and grew in the advertisement industry as one of the leading printing companies. In the year 2005, â€Å"the organization went public and this strategy was based on strengthening the company’s commitment to the lottery industry and enhances its ability to continue to expand and compete† (Distelberg and Sorenson, 70). The control and power of the business still remains in the hands of the Pollard family. From research it is evident that a family business that remains in the family is the product of hard work, constant struggle,

Constructing Narratives Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Constructing Narratives - Essay Example Therefore, in order to enhance their narrative construction, ELL students need to be aware of various elements of language use. This paper will consider the function of storytelling in facilitating the ELL’s capacity to construct narratives, describing the various ways in which storytelling enhances these students’ capacity to recount events. This paper will also examine what ELL students need to be aware of regarding language use so as to enhance their construction of written and oral narrative. All over the world, people convey stories to their children. Storytelling is a universal action, which is perhaps the most dominant kind of discourse. Through making use of stories and storytelling, ELLs having different beliefs and religious and cultural backgrounds can exist harmoniously in the classroom environment. Storytelling and stories essentially provide students from different religious, cultural and linguistic backgrounds an effective mechanism for appreciating their world, connecting both with their cultures, as well as the cultures of other students and expressing themselves effectively to others (Diaz-Rico & Weed, (2006). The essence of storytelling is a communicative device, which requires the storyteller and listener to work together collaboratively as transmitters and receivers of both ideas and thoughts. Therefore, in the context of an ELL classroom, storytelling is a means of communication, which allows student storytellers and listeners to share, combine and exchange their experiences in order to create associations and connections. Storytelling helps construct narratives by teaching ELLs about life, about themselves and about other students. Storytelling creates cultural understanding, which, in turn, enhances the students’ capacity to explore various aspects of their lives, thereby creating narratives based on their cultural roots. Within the context of constructing narrative, storytelling allows ELLs gain insights into variou s values and traditions and consider new ideas. Furthermore, storytelling enhances children’s capacities to empathize with unfamiliar situations and places. The development of narrative is also possible through storytelling because stories enable children to reveal their commonalities and differences in the cultures represented in the ELL classroom, particularly by enabling children to open up with regard to their cultural roots. Storytelling and stories also promote narrative creation among ELLs by promoting students’ relaxation and overall well-being (Bruner, 2002). This is primarily because storytelling enhances the willingness of ELL students to communicate their feelings and thoughts. This, in turn, enhances the construction of narrative. Additionally, stories and storytelling encourage ELLs to participate actively in all aspects of their classrooms and lessons, for instance, the construction of narrative, particularly with regard to verbal narrative. Overall, mos t stories involve the explanation of various actions taken by the storyteller to achieve a certain result (Craig, Hull, Haggart & Crowder, 2001). As a consequence, storytelling typically entails an extensive use of words for recounting purposes. In essence, storytelling within the ELL classroom helps ELL students enhance their verbal proficiency, thereby enhancing their narrative capabilities. In addition, stories have

Makes progress Essay Example for Free

Makes progress Essay Please be informed that I am hiring Steve Ripiey as sales representative. He is the most qualified candidate and his credentials are impressive. I would dare say they are just a little less than perfecta recent MBA from UCLA, a successful summer internship at AgFunds (graduated as top trainee), and a stint overseas as an economic analyst for the U. S. Government. More than what we see on paper, he is motivated, hungry, talented and ambitious. I talked to the guy and he is personable, quick-witted, bright, and an excellent conversationalist. He has the makings of a successful sales representative. He can win people and I believe he can turn this district upside down. This may be a melodramatic argument but this is what this company needs right now. This district has been in a slow state for the past 15 years and it needs shaking up. We have been losing customers for the past 15 years and we lost a lot of them. It was not because we had a black guy in-charge. It was poor management that brought us here. Now, we all know that we need a jump-start to make this company thrive again. And Steve is the powerhouse we need make it happen. We operate in a color-conscious district, I know, but we can use this to our advantage. We have a window of opportunity here to make something else happen. I am talking about a revolution. Our company is revitalizing and we should give it new blood. We will be having new clients. We will also be having new representatives. It is not a far-fetched idea that our new clients will learn to accept our new representatives irrespective of race or creed. We have not much to lose here. Our company is not in its prime right now. We are just starting anew. However, we have a lot to gain if we change our â€Å"unwritten policies† on hiring. There is a message we can make here with this decision to hire Steve. We are saying that we look at professionalism at everything we do and our clients can trust that we will also be professional in dealing with them. We hire because of competence and we hire only the best people irrespective of skin color. And that is a noble stand any company could make. On another note, we could at least give Steve a fighting chance. We owe it to him since he graduated as our top trainee. We should at least try to see how he performs out there in the field. I am confident that he can win the customers with his personality. He has the faculties to do so and I believe they will learn to accept him. I am confident that Steve has the capability to exceed our expectations. Rest assured that I have full confidence in him. There is no need to fear if we can not promote him if he fails his first assignment or if we lose profits because our customers will not buy from him. We will make his promotion dependent on his performance. If he performs well, he is promoted and we gain profits. If he does not, he does not get promoted. All we lose is the opportunity of sales. I am asking you not just to see the long run. See also the big picture. Racial inhospitality is limited only to certain regions. And unfortunately, we are in one of them. However, our company will grow much bigger in not so long now and Steve is too much of a talent to waste. See that it is possible that we will be operating in the multinational or international level in the near future. If we will not hire him in this district just because of limits set only by this district, we are being myopic and we will lose more. Steves career path is his own choice. He is smart. He is already aware of what he is going into if he takes this job. He knows the challenges he has to hurdle if he takes this job. But it is of great incentive to us if he still takes this job despite the circumstances. It means he is willing to take risks. We need someone like that right now. The same should go for uswe should also be willing to take risks. Think about the turtle: it only makes progress when it sticks its head out.